The pancreas is a gland behind the stomach and in front of the spine. Produces enzymes that help break down food and the hormones they control glycemia levels.
Pancreatic cancer usually starts in these cells. It forms when cells grow out of control and create a tumor. Tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous).
Two types of pancreatic cancer
About 95% of pancreatic cancers They begin in cells that produce digestive enzymes. This is known as exocrine pancreatic cancer.
Only about 5% of pancreatic cancers begin in cells that make hormones. These are known as endocrine pancreatic cancer. Tumors that form in these cells are called pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Pancreatic NETs have a better prognosis (outcome or course of a disease).
Source: National Cancer Institute
Who is at risk?
there are many risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including:
What are the signs and symptoms?
Pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect early because it may not cause any signs or symptoms. As the cancer grows, possible symptoms include:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
- Light colored stools
- dark urine
- Pain in the upper or middle part of the abdomen and back.
- Weight loss for no known reason.
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
Pancreatic NETs may have different signs and symptoms. They can also cause the body to produce too much of the hormone cortisol, leading to cushing’s syndrome.
These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to discuss any concerns with your doctor.
How is it diagnosed?
Your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and family health history.
Diagnosis is usually made through imaging and other tests to view the pancreas and the area around it. Examples of these tests include ultrasound, MRIs, CT scansand take blood, urine and tissue samples. This helps the doctor determine if it is cancer and, if so, the stage of the cancer (how the tumor has grown or spread).
Many people get a second opinion to help with the diagnosis and discuss treatment options. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer information service can help you find a doctor or hospital or get a second opinion.
A doctor can diagnose pancreatic cancer using imaging and other tests. Many patients will get a second opinion to confirm a diagnosis and discuss treatment options.
How is it treated?
Treatment for pancreatic cancer is determined by the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, chemoradiotherapy, or targeted therapy. You and your care team can also plan how to manage the side effects of treatments and any cancer-related pain.
Researchers around the world are studying new ways to identify pancreatic cancer earlier and improve treatments with support from the NCI. Her work includes clinical trials to test these palliative care methods and techniques to improve patients’ quality of life.
Getting support
If you or a loved one is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, there are many resources available that can help. The NCI offers tips for managing treatment and its side effects, finding emotional support, and managing daily life. Learn more about coping with cancer on the institute’s website. website.
